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It can hear a range of It can detect ultrasound , which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by rodent prey. It allows them to sense certain aromas in a way that humans cannot. Cats are sensitive to pheromones such as 3-mercaptomethylbutanol , [92] which they use to communicate through urine spraying and marking with scent glands. To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable whiskers vibrissae over their body, especially their faces.

These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective blink reflexes to protect the eyes from damage. They establish territories that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging from 7 to 28 hectares 17—69 acres.

The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. While asleep, cats experience short periods of rapid eye movement sleep often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming. These territories are marked by urine spraying , by rubbing objects at head height with secretions from facial glands, and by defecation. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and growling and, if that does not work, by short but noisy and violent attacks.

Despite this colonial organization, cats do not have a social survival strategy or a pack mentality , and always hunt alone. Their high-pitched sounds may mimic the cries of a hungry human infant, making them particularly difficult for humans to ignore. In particular, older cats show aggressiveness toward newly arrived kittens, which include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as feline asocial aggression.

In redirected aggression there is usually something that agitates the cat: this could be a sight, sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot attack the stimuli, it may direct anger elsewhere by attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, dog, human or other being.

The tail and ears are particularly important social signal mechanisms in cats. A raised tail indicates a friendly greeting, and flattened ears indicates hostility. Even though purring is popularly interpreted as indicative of pleasure, it has been recorded in a wide variety of circumstances, most of which involve physical contact between the cat and another, presumably trusted individual.

The laryngeal muscles in control of the glottis are thought to be driven by a neural oscillator which generates a cycle of contraction and release every milliseconds giving a frequency of 33 to 25 Hz. These contain keratin which makes them rigid [] so the papillae act like a hairbrush. Some cats, particularly longhaired cats, occasionally regurgitate hairballs of fur that have collected in their stomachs from grooming.

Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease elimination of the hair through the gut , as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush. Among domestic cats, males are more likely to fight than females. In such cases, most fights are won by the heavier male. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to sex hormones.

Cats may also vocalize loudly and bare their teeth in an effort to further intimidate their opponents. Fights usually consist of grappling and delivering powerful slaps to the face and body with the forepaws as well as bites. Fights for mating rights are typically more severe and injuries may include deep puncture wounds and lacerations.

Normally, serious injuries from fighting are limited to infections of scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats if untreated. In addition, bites are probably the main route of transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, when drinking they lap with the tongue to draw liquid upward into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew, drawing water upward.

The frequency and size of meals varies between individuals. They select food based on its temperature, smell and texture; they dislike chilled foods and respond most strongly to moist foods rich in amino acids, which are similar to meat. Cats reject novel flavors a response termed neophobia and learn quickly to avoid foods that have tasted unpleasant in the past. Most adult cats are lactose intolerant ; the sugar in milk is not easily digested and may cause soft stools or diarrhea.

This condition, pica , can threaten their health, depending on the amount and toxicity of the items eaten. This cat and mouse behavior is due to an instinctive imperative to ensure that the prey is weak enough to be killed without endangering the cat. One explanation is that cats adopt humans into their social group and share excess kill with others in the group according to the dominance hierarchy , in which humans are reacted to as if they are at or near the top.

This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill prey. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and might also reduce any fear they associate with launching attacks on other animals. They become habituated to a toy they have played with before. See also: Kitten Female cats, called queens, are polyestrous with several estrus cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days.

They are usually ready to mate between early February and August. They fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female rejects the male, but eventually, the female allows the male to mate. They are used between a mother cat and her kittens. They are also used between male and female cats; and between cats and other species, such as dogs. A mother cat protecting her kittens will fight off the largest dog. She gives good warning with a frightening display, hissing furiously, showing her claws, arching her back, and making her hair stand on end.

It has been said that no dog ever tries such an attack a second time. Heat periods occur about every two weeks and last 4 to 6 days. Several toms may be attracted to a [queen] in heat. The males will fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate.

At first, the female will reject the male, but eventually the female will allow the male to mate. The female will utter a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her. If a male attempts to breed with her at this point, the female will attack him. After about 20 to 30 minutes. The gestation period for cats is about two months, with an average length of 66 days.

Kittens are weaned at between six and seven weeks, and cats normally reach sexual maturity at 5—10 months females and to 5—7 months males. The queen finds the safest place she can. Then she will clean it thoroughly, with her tongue, if necessary. Here she will quietly give birth. She licks the newborn kits clean. In the wild, leaving a scent is risking a dangerous encounter with other animals. The kits are born blind and with closed eyes. They suckle on her teats, and sleep a good deal.

After two weeks or so, their eyes open. At that stage they have blue eyes, but not the best sight. A bit later, the best developed kit will totter out of the nest. The others follow. They will soon recognise you as a living thing: that is a great moment. At first, they go back to the nest to feed and sleep. The queen, meanwhile, has left the nest from time to time, to hunt, feed, and also to urinate and defecate.

Unlike the tom, she covers up her business to hide her scent. Very soon, the kits will urinate anywhere they please unless one trains them. This is done after they are weaned, when they are ready for some kitten food. Here is how to do it: 1. Prepare clean cat tray filled with absorbent grit. Give kittens their special kitten food. Take the lead kitten right after it has eaten, place it in your cat tray. Gently stroke its tummy with one finger. Watch as kitten sits down promptly and urinates.

Do same for other kits. Repeat next time if they need it. They will not need a third time. What you have done is exactly what the queen would do in the wild. You have triggered a reflex which all kittens have. The thing is, the tray is artificial, and your queen may do her business outside. But at least when young, kittens need a tray. Your next job is to call the vet, who will tell you when to bring the kits for their vaccination.

It is how they do their learning. Soft balls on strings are a standard toy; so is a scratching post. With cats there is a limit to how far you can train them. They are at least as intelligent as dogs, but they are not pack animals.

They like to do their own thing, and owners do best by fitting in. Never hit a cat: if you do, the relationship will never be the same again. If you really want to dissuade them, try hissing. It has been said that no one really owns a cat; many cats collect extra owners, and may change house if they do not like the treatment If you have the mother, she will look after the kit.

But if you have got the kit from a vet or dealer, keep it in for several weeks. When it does go out, you need to watch over it. The main problem is that it may easily get lost. In time, the kit will learn every inch of the house and garden. Then, you can happily let it roam. They groom themselves by licking their fur. Still, owners may buy grooming products to help the cat take care of itself. After licking their fur, cats sometimes get hairballs. This is quite normal.

Owners brush their cats to try to prevent a lot of hairballs. Food[ change change source ] A typical brown Burmese cat Many house cats eat food which their owners give them. This food is manufactured , and designed to contain the right nutrients for cats. There are many different types of cat food. These come in many different flavors and costs are often very small.

There is moist canned food and also dry cat food which comes in different sized cans or bags and formulas. But remember, when they catch mice , they also eat the bones. So there is need for formulas to have more than just meat. Cats should not be fed a daily diet of dog food.

It could make the cat blind, as it has no taurine , which is a nutrient for the eyes. A very young kitten. This kitten has been taken out of the nest for a photo; its eyes are just open, but it cannot yet see properly. Kittens growing up Cats do get diseases, and prevention is better than cure.

It is most important to get a young cat vaccinated against some of the most deadly diseases. If a cat gets a disease, a veterinarian animal doctor can offer help. Some cats, depending on breed, gender, age, and general health, may be more susceptible to disease than others.

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